There is no doubt, along with – and particularly – among positives, that our intellectual words is extremely organised. There is a large number jak zjistit, kdo vás má rád na dabble bez placení of relations between your single terms out-of a vocabulary while the meanings ones terminology, respectively. Among linguists, such connections are called “semantic relations”, “feel interactions” or “lexical connections”. Such semantic relations would be analysed and you will described for the most area, plus in next, one ones of these relationships will be displayed.

In order to render a primary, critical dysfunction of your own state of the art, it needs to be asserted that there are a few studies about procedure. Although not, this paper can only were a few of them. Literary works which had been utilized is obtainable not as much as area half dozen, “Variety of Functions Cited”. Venture delimitations simply have become made in terms of detail is worried. Since this papers is only a highly brief piece of search, new article writers keeps restricted on their own not to ever enter excess detail, but instead try to render a questionnaire of your own procedure.

dos.step one Polysemy And you can Homonymy

Polysemy can be described as “a phrase used in semantic study to refer so you’re able to an effective lexical items with various various other definitions” (Amazingly 1997, 297). Crystal offers just like the example getting polysemy the lexical goods “plain”, that has various meanings “clear”, “unadorned”, “obvious”, etc.(ibid. Crystal).

Now, the situation you to definitely arises for linguists is precisely how to identify polysemy out-of a unique ambiguity, away from homonymy. Amazingly represent homonymy as “a phrase found in semantic studies to refer so you’re able to [2 or more] lexical items which [accidentally] have the same setting, however, disagree inside the meaning” (Crystal 1997, 185). Crystal’s examples listed below are “bear” and you may “ear”. “Bear” can determine an animal or may have the meaning from “to create”, “ear” normally consider the human body or to corn (ibid. Crystal).

In these examples, homonymy covers each other verbal and you will written variations, but it’s and additionally likely that the newest title out of a couple lexemes is within a single medium, in which particular case linguists carry out talk about limited homonymy or heteronymy (ibid. Crystal). It’s possible to separate two types of limited homonymy:

- Homography: a couple lexical things have the same authored function, however, disagree during the enunciation (a good example is the one or two lexical items of “lead”, you to obvious [li:d] and you will definition “to stay top”, one other obvious [led] and you may identifying a different sort of kind of material). – Homophony: several lexical products have the same pronunciation, however, disagree inside the spelling

(elizabeth.g. the two lexical things “led” and “lead”, each of that are noticable [led], the initial as being the earlier demanding out of “to lead”, aforementioned again determining a new kind of material).

two sorts Away from Ambiguity

Thus, polysemy and you will homonymy would be prominent away from each other from the established otherwise forgotten relatedness within significance which can be assigned to 1 phonological function. What’s the key of your own matter, ‘s the concern as to what the total amount this idea out-of “relatedness” is going to be specified. In other words: just how can “relatedness” be defined? If a clear and you may perfect meaning will be given, the complete state could be fixed, having then the occurrence off phonological forms whoever relatedness will likely be turned out might possibly be called “homonymy”, whoever relatedness can’t be turned-out could be called “polysemy”. However, since goes so often in the area of semantics, one cannot render a definite and indisputable definition of the definition of “relatedness”. There are 2 first remedies for this dilemma, that supplied by historical semantics, another of the synchronic semantics.

Historic semantics interprets the idea “relatedness” primarily naturally and therefore talks off polysemy if a good lexeme having different significance contains an equivalent etymological origins (Kastovsky 1982, 121). Instances are “game” to your one or two meanings “wildlife” and you may “lively activity” or “funny” definition either “strange” or “amusing”. One another instances let you know lexemes whoever different definitions have a similar etymological roots and so are thus interpreted once the polysemy from the historic semantics.