Participants

Their indicate ages is actually Yards = thirty-two.7; SD = , ages varied out-of 18 so you can 69 ages. Every players volunteered to take part in the analysis upon informed consent, and they did not discover settlement (financial or otherwise) due to their involvement. Most of the tests shown in the report was in fact authorized by the Ethics Committee of your Jagiellonian College or university Institute off Applied Mindset

Information and Processes

I used a resemblance wisdom task eg from inside the Vigliocco ainsi que al. (2005), hence contained to provide people with triads of nouns. The nouns developing the latest triads belonged to just one out-of around three kinds: conceptual nouns (age.g., construction, time), words writing on inanimate things and conditions making reference to pets. For each and every triad consisted of nouns from one group, we.elizabeth., dogs just weren’t combined with inanimate items and you may/or conceptual details. The complete directory of stimuli was demonstrated during the Appendix dos.

For each and every triad contained a couple of nouns of the same grammatical intercourse (a few female or two male) and something noun of another grammatical gender. This is why for each and every triad had often the new MMF structure (a couple of masculine terms and something female keyword) or FFM structure (a few her response female words and one male word) – in randomized purchase. The brand new nouns developing the triad belonged to a single out of three classes: 16 conceptual nouns, such: date (M inside Gloss), mode (F during the Shine); 16 inanimate stuff, for example: key (M), needle (F); twelve conditions dealing with dogs, including: bison (M), zebra (F). As well as getting noted, we made use of a lot fewer pet (12). This resulted throughout the fact that i followed rigid solutions conditions. To begin with, they certainly were animal labels with a specific grammatical sex, but of them that don’t suggest the fresh new biological gender of animal, and so the exact same word relates to both the men and you may females of the style of creature. For example the words lew (lion) and you may lwica (lioness) was prevented, because they clearly indicate new animal’s physical gender, restricting brand new stimulus so you can conditions such zyrafa (and this indicates each other a female and male giraffe). Furthermore, we picked dogs that don’t keeps distinctive keeps that could become a definite criterion for buying a couple things in a good triad (e.grams., in the event the a couple of dogs came from Africa and another on the Snowy System, then the place of origin can potentially be an excellent traditional for categorization). Also, when the there were a couple of animals plus one reptile on the triad, then this may become the standards of choice. Therefore we selected pet and that all of the belonged towards sounding exotic actually-toed ungulates. The option criterion is actually the fresh new similarity in appearance, conclusion in addition to environment of your pet. With other particular nouns, we applied a similar rule. As such, i averted circumstances where a couple of items in a beneficial triad could have an obvious common function, which will be made use of as an excellent categorization standards. Another inclusion requisite is high term utilize regularity, to prevent a more innovative studies of your own meaning of your own terms which will occur for unknown nouns, and can even result in a mindful the means to access grammatical gender whenever performing the job (such as I don’t know the latest meanings of your terms however they are both female).

I put counterbalancing in order to ensure that some other keyword combos might be used. Triads was indeed created having fun with the you can easily about three-noun combinations (having reps) within this per group, producing 153 triads to possess abstract nouns and you will artifacts for every, and you may 91 triads to own pet. Off this type of readily available triads, we created 7 kits towards abstract terms and you can artifacts (64 triads per) and 4 establishes to have dogs (forty five triads for every single). In case of pets there have been less sets of triads, given that less conditions introduced the fresh rigid options process described over (six male gender words and six feminine gender terms).